The goal of the graduation thesis is to analyze and compare the demographic situation in Zadar and Šibenik-Knin county and to identify the depopulation factors. Besides, goal was to find out which factors are causing the difference between the desired and the achieved number of children and whether economic factors or social factors are responsible for it. Furthermore, also were explained the demographic and economic implications that the aging population and the decline in fertility are causing. The statistical data were gathered from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Eurostat and were used for the research to analyze and graphically present basic demographic indicators for both counties. Numerous tables and pictorial representations were made to facilitate the presentation of the most important demographic determinants such as fertility constituents or survey results. The most important research method was a survey conducted on women of fertile age in both observed counties. Surveying of women's thoughts about motherhood, employment, life values and priorities and pronatality measures. The goal was to find out whether there is a correlation between the desired and the achieved number of the children with religiosity, political orientation, employment, the size of the place of residence. The results obtained were compared between the two counties and linked to the current demographic situation, perspectives and measures in place. There is a large disproportion between expected and desired number of children of respondents, as well as the importance of women's employment as a two-parent family model. Surveys have obtained positive responses in the perspective of demographic renewal, focusing on the issue of government, institution, education and existential insecurity. Based on the experience of other European countries that have somewhat slowed down the depopulation and raised the fertility level, it was attempted to find the most successful measures for Croatian circumstances, as well as an overview of past and present measures aimed at slowing down depopulation in Croatia. After analyzing the demographic indicators for both counties and the economic situation, and the prospect of potential demographic revitalization, it can be concluded that the recovery perspective in the Zadar county is somewhat better. Nevertheless, the situation in both counties as well as throughout the country is very unfavorable, the solution to the problem is not found, apart from the long term population policy whose successful and long-term implementation with current political set and economic situations can not be expected realistically.