Syria is a country in the Middle East where a war between the government, the opposition and terrorist groups has been going on for the last 11 years. The cause of this war is not simple but is the product of a complex historical development, political turmoil in the 20th century, ethnic and religious structure. The war in Syria marked the geopolitical scene of the second decade of the 21st century not only through the conflict itself but also from the phenomena that took place along it. The various cultural areas and political divisions that led to the war along the Arab Spring are certainly one of the main indicators of the problem of unresolved national and state issues not only in the Middle East but worldwide. The involvement of regional and world powers in the conflict in the last 10 years has changed the geopolitical aspirations of certain world military and economic powers that have supported the various political structures involved in the war. Despite the stalemate in 2015, Syria as a serious regional power has managed to survive with the help of its external collaborators who have expanded their influence in the Middle East through military and financial assistance. Creating borders of states and regions that do not follow ethnic and primarily religious distribution in this part of the world often results in wars and conflicts that are a direct indicator of the divide et impera policy used by colonial powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the Middle East.