The subject of this master's thesis is the analysis of the prose literary works of Venedikt Erofeev which touch upon the questions of worldviews. Firstly, the historical and literary contexts in which Erofeev wrote are presented and also the actual concept of a worldview which includes various assumptions about life principles related to the value of human life, the way in which the world is organized, religion, moral issues, etc. Precisely these assumptions and reflections are especially noticeable in his poem Moscow – Petushki, but also in his other prose works. In them, Erofeev presents a critical attitude towards the imposed worldview or prescribed ideology of the Soviet Union which is related to atheism, communism, revolution of the proletariat, the glorification of the Soviet Union in relation to other nations and other. While in his earlier works existentialistic and nihilistic ideas prevail, together with advocating for the relativity of moral categories and rethinking of imposed values, in his later works Erofeev encourages a Christian theistic worldview. Due to the fact that Erofeev liked to play with his statements, it is left to the reader to draw a conclusion from a broader context which worldview attitudes are found in his works, in which the main character is most often the alter ego of the author himself. Erofeev’s comments and his friends’ statements give certain indications, which offer an insight not only into his prose works but also his personal reflections on questions regarding worldviews.