| Sažetak | UVOD: Izraz upalna bolest crijeva uobičajeni je izraz za upalu gastrointestinalnog sustava kroničnog tijeka. Do sada su se dijelile na Crohnovu bolest i ulcerozni kolitis, dok prema novijoj podjeli, pridružena su i novi oblici bolesti, a to su nedeterminirani kolitis i „pouchitis“ (upala u sluznici vrećice uslijedila za vrijeme operacije liječenja ulceroznog kolitisa). Upala je nastala zbog staničnog imunološkog odgovora gastrointestinalne sluznice, no točan uzrok nije poznat. Nije potvrđeno nikakvo postojanje specifičnog infektivnog čimbenika niti čimbenika okoliša i prehrane. Imunološka reakcije obuhvaća oslobađanje upalnih medijatora poput citokina, interleukina te faktor tumorske nekroze. Upalne bolesti crijeva se susreću u osoba svih dobnih skupina, no najčešće kod osoba mlađih od 30 godina. Mogu dovesti do značajnog pada kvalitete života te se pretpostavlja da su bolesnici izloženi povećanom riziku od depresije i anksioznosti. Simptomi variraju od blagih do vrlo jakih te se mogu razvijati postupno ili naglo. Dijagnostičke pretrage koje su koriste su digitorektalni pregled, kolonoskopija i pretrage na okultno krvarenje. Bolesti se liječe se medikamentozno i kirurški. Lijekovi koji se primjenjuju su aminosalicilati, imunomodulatori, kortikosteroidi i antibiotici. Izuzetno su važni redovite kontrole i liječnički pregledi. Medicinske sestre igraju važnu ulogu u multidisciplinarnom liječenju upalnih bolesti crijeva.
CILJ: Cilj rada je prikaz broja novooboljelih od upalnih bolesti crijeva u Općoj bolnici Zadar u vremenskom periodu od 2019.-2021. godine. Također prikazati incidenciju i prevalenciju Crohnove bolesti i Ulceroznog kolitisa u Europi i Sjevernoj Americi te incidenciju navedenih bolesti kod pedijatrijske populacije.
MATERIJALI I METODE: Prilikom izrade ovoga rada bit će upotrebljeni statistički podatci dobiveni iz informatičkog sustava OB Zadar. Također su korišteni statistički podatci objavljeni na stranicama Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, National Library of
Medicine te Digestive Medicine Research.
REZULTATI: Za rad su skupljeni podatci o ukupnom broju novooboljelih muškaraca i žena od Crohnove bolesti i ulceroznog kolitisa u Općoj bolnici Zadar. Ukupan broj novooboljelih muškaraca od Crohnove bolesti i ulceroznog kolitisa 2019. godine iznosio je 23, 2020. godine 23, a 2021. godine 11. Ukupan broj novooboljelih žena od Crohnove bolesti i ulceroznog kolitisa 2019. godine iznosio je 30, 2020. godine 13, a 2021. godine 15. Također su prikupljeni podatci o incidenciji i prevalenciji upalnih bolesti crijeva u Europi i Sjevernoj Americi, kao i podatci o incidenciji bolesti kod pedijatrijske populacije u europskim zemljama.
ZAKLJUČAK: Upalne bolesti crijeva su bolesti koje karakteriziraju ponavljajuće epizode upale gastrointestinalnog trakta. Sastoje se od dvije idiopatske bolesti: Crohnove bolesti i ulcerozni kolitis. Obe bolesti imaju genetsku predispoziciju, nisu izlječive i čine ogroman morbiditet. Najveću stopu incidencije i prevalencije čine Europa i Sjeverna Amerika, a u zadnjih se nekoliko godina povećava i u Aziji u kojoj je do sada učestalost bila jako niska. U pedijatriji su upalne bolesti crijeva postale najčešća dijagnosticirana bolest dječje dobi. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | INTRODUCTION: The term inflammatory bowel disease is a common name for chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal system. According to the older classification, they are divided into Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, while according to the newer classification, new forms of the illness are added, namely indeterminate colitis and "pouchitis" (inflammation in the mucous membrane of the pouch occurred during the treatment of ulcerative colitis). The inflammation was caused by the cellular immune response of the gastrointestinal mucosa, but the exact cause is unknown. Neither the existence of a specific infectious factor nor environmental and nutritional factors has been confirmed. Immunological reactions include the release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor. Inflammatory bowel diseases occur in people of all age groups, but most often in population younger than 30 years old. They can lead to a significant reduce in the quality of life, and it is assumed that patients are exposed to an increased risk of depression and anxiety. Symptoms vary from mild to very severe and can develop gradually or suddenly. Diagnostic tests that are used are digitorectal examination, colonoscopy, and tests for occult bleeding. Diseases are treated with medication and surgery. The drugs used are aminosalicylates, immunomodulators, corticosteroids and antibiotics. Regular controls and medical examinations are extremely important. Nurses play an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
OBJECTIVE: The plan of this work is to show a similarity of the quantity of men and women ordeal from inflammatory bowel illness in the Zadar General Hospital (gastroenterology clinic) in the period from 2019 to 2021. years.
It also shows the incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Europe and North America and the rate of these illness in the pediatric people.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over the formation of this paper, statistical data obtained from the information system of the OB Zadar will be used. Statistical data presented on the pages of Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, National Library of Medicine and Digestive Medicine Research were also used.
THE RESULTS: This work collected statistics on the number of men and women newly diagnosed with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Zadar General Hospital. The total number of newly recognized men with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in 2019 was 23, 23 in 2020, and 11 in 2021. The total number of newly diagnosed women with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in 2019 was 30, in 2020 13, and 15 in 2021. Data on the frequency of illness in Europe and North America were also collected, together with statistics on the incidence of the disease in the pediatric population in European countries.
CONCLUSION: Inflammatory bowel diseases are illness described by periodic part of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. They consist of two idiopathic diseases: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Both diseases have a genetic predisposition, are incurable and cause enormous morbidity. The highest rate of incidence and frequency is in Europe and North America, and in the last few years it has also been increasing in Asia, where until now the frequency was very low. In pediatrics, inflammatory bowel diseases have become the most frequently diagnosed childhood disease. |
