| Sažetak | Cilj ovog rada je dublji uvid u Platonovu filozofsku misao s naglaskom na njegovu filozofiju spoznaje. Primarno korištena literatura jesu Platonova djela: Parmenid, Eutifron, Timej i Država, uz korištenje sekundarne literature kako bismo napravili sintezu Platonova nauka o znanju a priori. U prvom poglavlju rada govorili smo o životu i djelu Platona, gdje smo saznali koja je početna točka njegovog filozofskog razvoja. Drugo i treće poglavlje rada odnose se na Platonov metafizički dualizam i njegovu filozofsku antropologiju kao temelj za razumijevanje njegove filozofije spoznaje. Platon s obzirom na metafizički dualizam razdvaja dva svijeta, materijalni svijet i svijet Ideja te u odnosu na filozofsku antropologiju odjeljuje duhovnu dušu i materijalno tijelo. U trećem dijelu rada, koji govori o njegovom antropološkom nauku, usmjerili smo se na dva nauka o duši, njezinu preegzistenciju i besmrtnost kako bismo zaključno mogli govoriti o uzroku znanja a priori i prisjećanja duše na svijet Ideja. Posljednje poglavlje sintetizira prethodno postavljene Platonove nauke, a tim smo poglavljem ujedno došli do zaključka o spoznaji. Rezultat rada, do kojeg smo dospjeli ovim istraživanjem Platonovog filozofski sustava, upućuje na važnost umske spoznaje inteligibilnog svijeta te nedopustivosti zaustavljanja na osjetilnoj spoznaji pukih fenomena osjetilnog, i tako promjenjivog svijeta. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The aim of this paper is to provide a deeper insight into Plato's philosophical thought, with a focus on his philosophy of knowledge. The primary sources used are Plato's works: Parmenides, Euthyphro, Timaeus, and Republic, supplemented by secondary literature to synthesize Plato's teachings on a priori knowledge. In the first chapter of the paper, we discussed Plato's life and works, where we learned about the starting point of his philosophical development. The second and third chapters of the paper deal with Plato's metaphysical dualism and his philosophical anthropology as the foundation for understanding his philosophy of knowledge. Plato, in light of metaphysical dualism, separates two worlds, the material world and the world of Forms, and in relation to philosophical anthropology, distinguishes the spiritual soul and the material body. In the third part of the paper, which discusses his anthropological doctrine, we focused on two doctrines of the soul, its preexistence, and immortality, in order to ultimately discuss the cause of a priori knowledge and the soul's recollection of the world of Ideas. The final chapter synthesizes the previously established Platonic teachings, and through this chapter, we arrived at a conclusion about knowledge. The result of the paper, reached through this research through Plato's philosophical system, points to the importance of intellectual knowledge of the intelligible world and the impermissibility of stopping at sensory knowledge of mere phenomena of the sensory, and thus changeable world. |
