This paper provides insight into one of the globally most relevant topics today - the ethical and social challenges of techno-scientific revolution. It brings into focus the concept of transhumanism, representing an interdisciplinary field that explores the future of human evolution and enhancement. Transhumanism is a dynamic concept that continually evolves as technology advances, and society faces new challenges and possibilities. The purpose of this research is to deepen understanding of students' perceptions of transhumanistic technologies at the levels of theory, practice, ethics, and control, as well as to identify factors influencing their attitudes. The study aims to contribute to knowledge about the ethical and social challenges of contemporary technologies.Empirical research was conducted on the attitudes of students in Croatia (N=258) using an online questionnaire survey method. According to the results, male students and those belonging to natural and technical sciences perceive greater utility in artificial intelligence and robotics, and have more positive attitudes toward new technologies compared to females. It was observed that religious, conservative students, as well as those less inclined to accept new technologies, are less likely to support transhumanism in theory and practice compared to non-religious, liberal respondents, and those more inclined towards new technologies. Students who theoretically support transhumanistic technologies are more open to their practical application. Furthermore, those who support the ethics of these technologies often advocate for necessary controls over them. Also, those who perceive greater utility and less threat from artificial intelligence and robots are more open to accepting their assistance.This study delves into the social challenges and attitudes towards new and future technologies, which are under-researched in the Croatian context. Through a comprehensive approach, the research aims to contribute to the creation of informed strategies that will support the ethical, responsible, and socially acceptable incorporation of transhumanistic innovations into society.