The perinatal period includes the period of late foaling, parturition, early puerperium and neonatal period and includes the general condition, health and well-being of the mare and her offspring. The period before giving birth is extremely important to preserve the health of the mare and to ensure the health of the newborn foal. In order to be able to react in time, it is extremely important to understand the normal sequence of foal development and possible problems that may arise during foaling and during the birth itself. Perinatal losses in mares is a collective name for late abortions, prolonged abortions and intrapartum and neonatal deaths of foals, while perinatal diseases are the name for diseases of mares in late foaling, during birth and in the puerperium, as well as neonatal diseases of foals. They can be of infectious or noninfectious etiologies, and in pure blood breeding, such as the aforementioned Lipizzaner breeding, they can also be of hereditary etiology, i.e. the result of inbreeding. The main goal of this research was to assess the incidence and frequency of perinatal losses and perinatal diseases at the Lipik Studfarm. In the observed five-year period (2015-2020), 69 births were recorded in 31 mares, and more than half of the number of mares had either perinatal diseases or perinatal losses. This incidence is much higher than the incidence in the average population of mares, which can be related to the age of the mares and breeding in pure blood. In order to get a better insight and more constructive conclusions, it would be necessary to conduct much more extensive research with Lipizzaner mares, as well as other mares.