| Sažetak | Kolostrum i mlijeko su izvori energije, bjelančevina i masti za novorođenu jarad. Masne
kiseline su produkt sinteze u mliječnoj žlijezdi kao i prijenosa iz krvi. Sastav kolostruma i
mlijeka ovisi između ostaloga i o pasmini životinja. Stoga je cilj rada bio utvrditi sastav masnih
kiselina kolostruma i mlijeka sanske i alpske pasmine koza. Uzorci su uzeti od klinički zdravih
koza sanske (N=40) i alpske pasmine (N=40). Iz uzoraka kolostruma i mlijeka ekstrahirani su
ukupni lipidi te je analiza metilnih estera masnih kiselina provedena plinskom kromatografijom.
Kolostrumom i mlijekom dominiraju zasićene masne kiseline (SFA), a slijedi MUFA te PUFA
kao najmanje zastupljena. Tijekom tranzicije iz kolostruma u mlijeko uočljiv je porast C11:0,
C12:0, C15:0, C16:2, C20:0, C20:1, SFA i C20:4n-6/C20:5n-3, SFA, C20:4n-6/ C20:5n-3, n6/n-3 u obje pasmine koza te PUFA samo kod sanske koze. Kapronska (C6:0), kaprilna(C8:0)
i kaprinska (C10:0) masna kiselina koje daju miris kozjem mlijeku u obje pasmine su se u
mlijeku povećale. U kolostrumu alpskih koza utvrđeni su veći udjeli PUFA, PUFA/SFA, n-3,
VLn-3PUFA, te manje vrijednosti omjera C20:5n-3/C22:6n-3 i n-6/n-3. U mlijeku alpskih koza
utvrđen je veći udio SFA dok su MUFA, PUFA, UFA, n-6, UFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA i C20:4n6/C20:5n-3 imale manje vrijednosti u odnosu na mlijeko sanskih koza. Na osnovi rezultata
istraživanja može se zaključiti da su PUFA su kolostrumu i mlijeku zastupljene u najmanjem
postotku hidrogencije nezasićenih masnih kiselina mikroorganizmima u buragu; povoljan
omjer n-6/n-3 masnih kiselina čini kozje mlijeko izvrsnom namirnicom za ljudsku prehranu,
mlijeko sanskih koza je veće nutritivne vrijednosti zbog većeg udjela MUFA, PUFA, UFA, n6, UFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA i C20:4n-6/C20:5n-3. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Colostrum and milk are important sources of energy, carbohydrates and fat for newborn kid.
Fatty acids are a product of synthesis in the mammary gland as well as transport from the blood.
The composition of colostrum and milk depends, among other things, on the breed of the animal.
Therefore, the main focus was to determine the fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk
of Saanen and Alpine goat. Samples were taken from clinically healthy Saanen (N=40) and
Alpine (N=40) goats. After the extraction of total lipids from the colostrum and milk samples,
the analysis of methyl esters of fatty acids was performed using gas chromatography (GC).
Prevailing in milk and colostrum are saturated fatty acids SFA followed by MUFA,then least
represented is PUFA. During transiton from colostrum to milk is noticeable increase in C11:0,
C12:0, C15:0, C16:2, C20:0, C20:1, SFA and C20:4n-6/C20:5n-3, SFA,C20:4n-6/ C20:5n-3,
n-6/n-3 and C20:4n-6/C20:5n-3, SFA, C20:4n-6/ C20:5n-3, n-6/n-3 in both breeds, and PUFA
only with Saanen goat. Caproic (C6:0), caprylic (C8:0) and capric (C10:0) fatty acids ,that give
specific odor to goat milk in both breeds are advanced compared to colostrum. In Alpine goat
colostrum higher percentages were determined in PUFA, PUFA/SFA, n-3, VLn-3PUFA,but
lower ratio amounts of C20:5n-3/C22:6n-3 and n-6/n-3. Bigger share of SFA was determined
in Alpine goat milk, while MUFA, PUFA, UFA, n-6, UFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA and C20:4n6/C20:5n-3 had lower values compared to milk of Saanen goat. Based on these results, we
could conclude that PUFA in colostrum and milk was represented in the lowest percentage
hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by microorganisms in the rumen. The favorable ratio
of n-6/n-3 fatty acids makes goat's milk an excellent food for human consumption, the milk of
Saanen goats has a higher nutritional value due to a higher proportion of MUFA, PUFA, UFA,
n-6, UFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA and C20: 4n-6/C20:5n-3. |
