Perinatal diseases are defined as a set of diseases of different aetiologies that occur immediately before, during or after the parturition. In sheep and goat farming perinatal diseases account for 10-30% of total losses. They can be caused by infectious or non-infectious aetiology and can develop in the late of pregnancy, during or after parturition until weaning. Most perinatal deaths occur in the first 72 hours of life and more than a half of them occur on the day of parturition. Perinatal diseases, according to the time of onset, are divided into foetal diseases, deaths during parturition and postnatal diseases. Foetal diseases occur during the intrauterine development of the foetus, when congenital malformations, abortions of various aetiologies and prolonged gestation can occur. During parturition, foetal tissue may be injured and the oxygen supply to the brain may be interrupted. This is caused by dystocia or assisted delivery during which excessive force is used. Postnatal diseases can be early, prolonged, and late. Only a small number of them are of infectious aetiology, such as colibacillosis, dysentery, rota viruses and corona viruses. Most deaths in the postnatal period are caused by the hypothermia-hypoglycaemia-starvation complex. This complex appears shortly after parturition, and it can arise for several reasons. In most cases the inability to suckle leads to hypoglycaemia, soon followed by hypothermia, which, if left untreated, leads to the death of the neonates. Perinatal survival is influenced by maternal behaviour, post-parturition neonatal behaviour, quantity and quality of suckled colostrum, birth weight of neonate, size of the litter, and external factors such as feeding, weather conditions and manner of keeping.