Diseases of the digestive system in dogs are common and can be caused by various factors. Among these factors are the positioning of the patient during the surgical procedure, as well as the effect of the anesthetic and the anesthesia technique. Different positions of the body during the procedure can affect the pressure exerted on the abdominal organs, blood circulation and gas flow through the digestive system. Also, anesthetics such as opioids and benzodiazepines can slow digestion and increase the risk of constipation and other digestive disorders. Diseases of the digestive system in dogs, which can occur because of positioning during surgery and the effects of anesthesia, are gastroesophageal reflux (GER), postoperative ileus, gastrointestinal ulcers, and enteritis with vomiting as the most common digestive disorder. The supine position during the procedure causes compression of the stomach and intestines, while anesthetics cause the muscles of the stomach and esophagus to relax. Due to the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, stomach contents return to the esophagus and oral cavity. Gastroesophageal reflux can cause serious complications such as esophagitis, esophageal stenosis, and aspiration pneumonia. Postoperative ileus (POI) is an important problem in dogs. The pathophysiology of POI involves a neurogenic and inflammatory response. Factors such as opioid therapy, fluid and electrolyte therapy, and abdominal manipulation during surgery have been associated with the development of POI. Under normal conditions, mucosal defense mechanisms work in balance with the potentially disruptive properties of the luminal contents. However, many drugs and diseases can disturb this balance, especially causing ulceration in the stomach and/or duodenum. Deficiency of the normal gastrointestinal barrier initiates a self-perpetuating cycle of mucosal damage, resulting in inflammation, bleeding, and ulceration.38 It is important to note that inhalation anesthesia is considered safer for the digestive system of dogs compared to intravenous anesthesia. Also, the quick administration of anesthesia and its short duration can reduce the risk of digestive problems in dogs. However, each patient is unique and may react differently to anesthesia. Therefore, it is important that the veterinarian carefully assesses the dog's health before anesthesia and chooses the anesthetic agents and anesthesia techniques that are safest for that dog.