The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a small, nocturnal mammal which hibernate and give birth to live young (4-6 offspring) under branches or in bushes. They are omnivores, but primarily feed on insects, although their diet can also include som eother food such as plants and fish. They live in the wild as well as in cities. Hedgehogs are hosts for fleas, ticks, and mites and dipteran larval stages which parasitize on their bodies. Some of the mentioned ectoparasites have vector potential because they feed on the host's blood. Additionally, these ectoparasites can exhibit ecological interactions. For example, mites can create a phenomenon of commensal communities with ticks and fleas that help them spread among vertebrates that are hosts to fleas and ticks. However, mites can sometimes have a negative impact on arthropods by hindering their movement, feeding, or reproduction. The highest number of ticks and fleas on hedgehogs is found in May and June, especially in countries with warmer climates that further support the development of ectoparasites. Studies conducted in Italy and Iran have shown that 9 out of 10 hedgehogs were infested with fleas or ticks, and sometimes co-infestation (when both ectoparasites are found on one hedgehog) occurs. The most common tick found on the European hedgehog is Rhipicephalus turanicus, which has been proposed in studies as the main vector of Rickettsia massiliae, the causative agent of spotted fever. In addition to rickettsiae, ticks can be reservoirs for Babesia, Coxiella, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., certain arboviruses, and more. The most common flea found on the European hedgehog is the species Archaeopsylla erinacei, which can be a vector for Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella henselae. Hedgehogs infested with the mite Caparinia tripilis usually exhibit local dermatitis characterized by skin inflammation, scabs, hair loss, and itching in these areas sometimes leads to self-injury by the animal.