| Sažetak | Bračka ovca poseban je tip ovce unutar pasmine dalmatinska pramenka koji se uzgaja
samo na otoku Braču. Najčešće se drži u ekstenzivnim proizvodnim sustavima, a namjena joj
je proizvodnja mesa ili kombinirana proizvodnja mlijeka i mesa. Trenutno brojno stanje
populacije se procjenjuje na oko 10 000 grla. Cilj ovog rada bio je opisati vanjštinu, proizvodne
karakteristike i genetsku varijabilnost bračke ovce. Uz navedeno, prikupljeni su i povijesni
podatci o bračkoj ovci koji su izneseni u pregledu dosadašnjih spoznaja. Istraživanje je
provedno na 99 bračkih ovaca različite dobi i spola. Od vanjštine zabilježeni su tjelesna masa,
visina u grebenu, dužina trupa, visina u zdjelici, opseg prsa, dubina prsa, širina zdjelice i opseg
cjevanice. Proizvodni podatci uključivali su veličinu legla, porođajnu masu janjadi, masu
janjadi pri odbiću i laktacijsku proizvodnju mlijeka. Za potrebe genetske analize iskorišteni su
uzorci krvi uzeti iz vratne vene. Nakon izolacije mitohondrijske DNK iz krvi ista je umnožena
PCR postupkom, a sekvencioniranje je provedeno u laboratoriju u inozemstvu. Prosječna
tjelesna masa bračkih ovaca bila je 41,08 kg, a ovnova 54,55 kg. Ovnovi su u grebenu (68,04
cm) i u zdjelici (68,00 cm) bili viši od ovaca čija je visina u grebenu bila 61,94 cm, a visina u
zdjelici 62,85 cm. Ovnovi su od ovaca imali i veću dužinu trupa, opseg prsa, dubinu prsa širinu
zdjelice i opseg cjevanice. Tjelesna masa ženske janjadi pri rođenju bila je 2,66 kg, a muške
2,81 kg. I pri odbiću je ženska janjad bila neznatno lakša od muške te im je tjelesna masa
iznosila 16,67 odnosno 16,92 kg. Prosječan dnevni prirast ženske janjadi bio je 270 grama, a
muške 271 gram. Prosječna laktacijska proizvodnja je bila 68,7 litara mlijeka. Nukleotidni
slijedovi mtDNK bračkih ovaca grupirani su u haplogrupu B koja je najzastupljenija u
europskih ovaca. Ovo je, unazad nekoliko desetljeća, prvi rad kojem je u fokusu istraživanja
bila bračka ovca te predstavlja važan dokument koji može poslužiti kao polazište za rad na
zaštiti i promociji bračke ovce kao važnog kulturnog naslijeđa otoka Brača. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The Brač sheep is a special type of sheep within the Dalmatian Pramenka breed that is
bred only on the island of Brač. It is most often kept in extensive production systems, and its
main purpose is meat production or combined milk and meat production. The current state of
the population is estimated at around 10,000 heads. The aim of this paper was to describe the
exterior, production characteristics and genetic variability of Brač sheep. Historical data on the
Brač sheep were also collected, which were presented in the overview chapter. The research
was conducted on 99 Brač sheep of different ages and sexes. Body mass, height at the withers,
length of trunk, height at pelvis, chest girth, chest depth, pelvis width and shin girth were
recorded. Production data included litter size, lamb birth weight, lamb weight at weaning and
milk production during lactation period. Blood samples taken from the jugular vein were used
for genetic analysis. After isolating the mitochondrial DNA from the blood, it was amplified
by the PCR, and the sequencing was carried out in a laboratory abroad. The average body
weight of Brač ewes and rams were 41.08 kg and 54.55 kg, respectively. The rams were taller
in the withers (68.04 cm) and in the pelvis (68.00 cm) than ewes, whose height in the withers
was 61.94 cm, and the height in the pelvis 62.85 cm. The rams had a larger body length, chest
circumference, chest depth, pelvis width and shin girth than the ewes. The average body mass
of the female lambs at birth was 2.66 kg, and the male lamb 2.81 kg. At weaning, female lambs
were slightly lighter than male lambs and their body weight was 16.67 and 16.92 kg,
respectively. The average daily weight gain of female and male lambs were 270 grams and 271
grams, respectively. The average milk production in lactation period was 68.7 liters. Nucleotide
sequences of the mtDNA of Brač sheep were grouped into haplogroup B, which is the most
represented in European sheep. After several decades this was the first paper in which the Brač
sheep was the focus of the research, and it represents an important document that can serve as
a starting point for work on the protection and promotion of the Brač sheep as an important
cultural heritage of the island of Brač. |
