This thesis explores the most significant wild horse populations globally, their ability to survive and reproduce, as well as their population self-sustainability. The behavior patterns of mares and stallions during the breeding season and the herd structure are described. The spescific features of the physiology and biology of wild horse reproduction and high potential for annual population growth are highlihted. Methods of monitoring and control wild horse reproduction are outlined to ensure population sustainability and protection, including the methodology for selecting the most effective contraceptive methods, their reversibility, side effects, and impact on behavior. Special emphasis is placed on the wild horses of the Kruzi plateau, their habitat, a description of the population, and the challenges they face. The research results highlight the importance of monitoring and controlling reproduction and managing wild horse population to prevent issues arising from the overpopulation of wild horses on the Kruzi plateau. As a conclusion to this research, measures are proposed that offer potential solutions to these problems, benefiting both the population and overall welfare.