Milk production is becoming more and more intensive which places a lot of stress on the organism of dairy cows. For example, in the US a typical dairy cow is kept in production for only three lactations and is therefore culled because of impaired production. The main reason is the overwhelming demand to increase performance that eventually leads to disturbances in reproduction and nutrient metabolism. Diet that is fed during transition is of great importance because of its influence on occurrence of metabolic and reproductive disorders. With adequate nutrition we can reduce the occurrence of ketosis, fatty liver syndrome, milk fewer, displaced abomasum and placenta retention. Even more important is the fact that with quality diet we can influence the duration and severity of negative energy balance. It is also important to sufficiently prepare the cow for the stress of lactation and in this paper we have mentioned many ways to reduce the duration and severity of NEB. New methods and management practices are constantly being developed to allow the dairy cows to cope with the demand that intensive milk production places on them. LITERATURA