| Sažetak | Uzgojno selekcijski postupci u intenzivnoj proizvodnji svinja su usmjereni na
povećanje mišićnog tkiva u trupu pri čemu se smanjuje udio masnog tkiva, što može dovesti
do niže kakvoće mesa. Među najstraživanijim osobinama koje utječu na kakvoću mesa su
intramuskularna mast, debljina leđne slanine i sadržaj masti. Sposobnost akumulacije
intramuskularne masti različita je u pojedinih pasmina, što utječe na postupke uzgoja,
kvalitetu mesa, mesnatost, ali i na zdravstveni status svinja. Otkrićem FTO gena i njegove
povezanosti s pretilošću u ljudi, ukazala se mogućnost istraživanja učinka pojedinačnog
nukleotidnog polimorfizma (SNP - a) pojedinih varijanti FTO gena na obilježja kvalitete
mesa, mesnatost, ali i na procjenu zdravstvenog statusa svinja. Visoka varijabilnost između
pojedinih populacija ukazuje da genetska osnova pasmine i broj prisutnih mutacija ima
značajan učinak na promatrana svojstva. Među najistraživanijim polimorfizmima za FTO gen
su intronske (c.46-139A>T; g.276T>G; g.170T>G) i eksonske regije (c.594C>G, g.307C>T)
gena. Na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja i objavljenih rezultata, značajni učinak (p<0,05)
prisutnih mutacija FTO gena zabilježen je za svojstva intamuskularne masti i debljine leđne
slanine. Uz dobivene rezultate, potrebno je provesti daljnja istraživanja u različitih pasmina
svinja kako bi se ustanovio učinak mutacija FTO gena na važna ekonomska svojstva, ali i
njegova uloga kao potencijalnog kandidatnog gena koji utječe i na zdravstveni status jedinki.
Komparativnim genetskim studijama između ljudi i svinja nastoji se proširiti spoznaje o
odgovornim genima, poput FTO gena i prisutnim genetskim varijabilnostima na pojedinim
lokusima. Prekomjerna tjelesna težina ili pretilost kao posljedica nakupljanja povećanih
količina masti u tijelu, sve su češća pojava u ljudi te predstavljaju značajan zdravstveni
problem. Buduće spoznaje mogu poslužiti boljem razumijevanju uloge pojedinih gena i SNP -
ova u razvoju pretilosti, metaboličkog sindroma te ostalih bolesti povezanih s metabolizmom
mast |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Breeding and selection procedures in intensive pig production are focused on
increasing carcass yield with reducing the level of fatness, which has led to a lower quality of
meat. Among the most intensively investigated traits that influence the quality of meat are
intramuscular fat, backfat and fatness characteristics. Accumulation of intramuscular fat is
different between individual breeds of pigs and it has influence on the processes of breeding,
quality of meat, meatness and also on the health status. With the discovery of the fat mass and
obesity gene (FTO) and its association with higher obesity risk in humans, new possibilities of
researching are associated with fat deposition and related traits, using single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) and confirm the role of this gene in fatness across species and the health
status of pigs. High variability between certain breed of pigs showed us that the genetic basis
and the number of mutations in FTO gene have a significant effect on observed
characteristics. Among the most researched polymorphisms in the FTO gene are intron (c.46-
139A>T; g.276T>G; g.170T>G) and exon regions (c.594C>G, g.307C>T) of the gene. Based
on previous studies and published results, significant effect (p<0.05) of the mutation in FTO
gene was established for intramuscular fat and backfat values. Despite the results obtained in
previous research, there is necessity for further investigations in different breeds of pigs in
order to establish the effect of mutation in FTO gene on the important economic
characteristics but its role as a potential candidate gene that influence also the health status of
individuals. Comparative genomic studies between humans and pigs may bring new insights
into genetics and improve knowledge of the present variability in certain areas of the FTO
gene locus. Obesity as a result of the increased accumulation of fat in the body, represent a
significant health problem in humans. Future knowledge may contribute to better
understanding of the role of particular genes and their polmorphisms in the development of
obesity, metabolic syndrome and other diseases associated with lipid metabolism. |
