| Sažetak | U svakodnevnoj praksi malih životinja jedna od prvih diferencijalnih dijagnoza kod
pojave probavnih poremećaja su strana tijela u gastrointestinalnom sustavu. Najčešći klinički
znakovi su povraćanje, anoreksija, dehidracija, proljev, abdominalna bol i depresija. Ileus ili
opstrukcija crijeva predstavlja nemogućnost prolaska sadržaja kroz lumen crijeva. Ovisno o
stupnju okluzije lumena crijeva razlikujemo potpunu i parcijalnu opstrukcija.
Prema obliku razikujemo linearna i nelinearna strana tijela. Linearna strana tijela najčešće
uzrokuju parcijalnu opstrukciju koja vremenom postaje kronični problem što može rezultirati
ozbiljnim oštećenjem stijenke crijeva. Nelinearna strana tijela uz parcijalnu, često uzrokuju i
potpunu opstrukciju ovisno o svojoj veličini. Prva metoda dijagnostike je rendgenološka
pretraga iako neke studije pokazuju kako je transabdominalna ultrazvučna pretraga pouzdanija.
Najbolje je kombinirati obje metode, kako bi se što sigurnije postavila dijagnoza. Pregledom
arhive klinika Veterinarskog fakulteta u razdoblju od 5 godina, pronađeno je ukupno 90 pasa s
dijagnozom stranog tijela u crijevima. Prikazana je učestalost i distribucija stranih tijela u
crijevima obzirom na spol, dob, pasminu, vrstu stranog tijela, metodu dijagnostike, vrstu
opstrukcije, mjesto opstrukcije te liječenje i ishod liječenja. Najčešće se radi o psima srednje
dobi oko 4 godine starosti, križanih pasmina. Od čistokrvnih pasa, najviše je labrador retrivera,
zlatnih retrivera, američkih stafordskih terijera, zapadnoškotskih terijera itd. Psi najčešće
progutaju samo jedno strano tijelo, a tijela nelinearnog oblika su češća od linearnih. U
promatranoj skupini gotovo je jednaka učestalost stranih tijela koja uzrokuju potpunu i
parcijalnu opstrukciju. Najčešće se dijagnostika stranih tijela u crijevima postavlja
rendgenskim snimanjem, a ultrazvučna metoda služi kao potvrdna metoda dijagnostike. Strana
tijela najčešće zastanu u tankom crijevu i to u njegovom srednjem segmentu, odnosno jejunumu.
Potpuna opstrukcija crijeva gotovo uvijek zahtjeva operativno liječenje, dok strana tijela koja
ne izazivaju znakove opstrukcije najčešće izađu spontano iz tijela pasa. Od operativnih zahvata,
najviše se je obavljenih enterotomija, dok se resekcija i anastomoza crijeva rjeđe prakticiraju. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Gastrointestinal foreign bodies are commonly encountered in veterinary practice and may
present with a variety of clinical gastrointestinal signs. The most common clinical signs are
vomiting, anorexia, dehidration, diarrha, abdominal pain and depression. Ileus or intestinal
obstruction is inability of intestinal content to pass trough its lumen. There are two types of
intestinal obstruction depending od degree of intestinal lumen occlusion – complete and partial
obstruction. Based on the shape of the foreign bodies there are two types - linear and non-linear
foreign bodies. Linear foreign bodies most commonly cause partial obstruction that can, with
time, turn into a chronic problem. The latter can result in intestinal wall destruction. Non-linear
foreign bodies, depending on their size, can cause partial or complete intestinal obstruction. The
first diagnostic method used is the X -ray, althrough some studies showed that the
transabdominal ultrasound can be used as the method of choice. For the most accurate diagnosis,
it is the best to combine both methods. Searching through the archives of the Veterinary Faculty
Clinics in a 5 years period, we found 90 dogs with the diagnosis of foreign intestinal body. In
this research we showed the frequency and distribution of foreign intestinal bodies based by
sex, age, breed, the type of foreign body, diagnostical method, obstruction type, obstruction site,
treatment and outcome. Results of our research show that intestinal foreign bodies were most
commonly found in the group of dogs around 4 years old that were mongrels. In the group of
popular breeds, the most common were Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, American
Staffordshire Terrier, West Higland White Terrier etc. The results we found also show that there
was most commonly only one foreign body in the intestine, and non-linear bodies were more
often than linear. The most common method for diagnosing foreign intestinal bodys is the X -
ray, while the ultrasound is used only as a method of conformation. Most common site where
foreign bodies are found is the small intestine, most frequent its middle segment, jejunum. The
complete bowel obstruction almost always requires surgical treatment, while foreign bodies that
do not cause obstruction signs most commonly exit the dogs body spontaneously. The most
common surgical procedure used is the enterotomy, while resection and intestinal anastomosis
are less frequently |
