Artificial insemination is a useful method to improve genetic traits in different dog breeds. The use of fresh, chilled semen has become very popular among dog breeders. Chilled semen is especially suitable for short term storage and short distance transportation, i.e., 24-48 hours. This method allows for reducing travel-related stress and inbreeding, by using genetically superior dog semen all over the world. It is also a good way to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted disease. By mixing semen with extender and cooling to 4°C, fertility remains preserved for a long time. Semen extenders protect the spermatozoa from cold shock, provide energy substrates and maintain constant pH and osmolarity. Mostly used extender is Trisfructose-citrate-egg yolk-based extender providing sperm longevity for 3-10 days. AI with fresh chilled semen can be performed using different techniques, such as deep vaginal insemination, or preferably by intrauterine insemination, which can be performed by using non-surgical transcervical catheterization or by surgical semen deposition by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Vaginal insemination provides adequate pregnancy rate, but intrauterine insemination gives higher pregnancy rate and litter size. To perform AI successfully, anatomy of female reproductive tract and physiology of estrus cycle of the bitch must be known so that procedure could be performed at appropriate time and by using the most appropriate insemination technique and place of semen deposition, according to the individual case.