Protection of personal data in the Republic of Croatia is guaranteed as a constitutional category to every person regardless of nationality and place of residence and regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, education, social status or other characteristics. In the Republic of Croatia protection of personal data is regulated by the Law on Protection of Personal Data in order to protect privacy and other human rights and fundamental freedoms during collection, processing and use of personal data. The Law on Protection of Personal Data binds on the legal heritage of the United Nations and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Based on this law, an Agency for protection of personal data was established which controls the processing of personal data (relying on Directive 95/46 of the European Parliament) as an autonomous and independent body. This paper presents an overview of basic concepts related to the protection of personal data primarily related to the identity of the person and the organization of the protection of personal data in the Republic of Croatia, with a comparison in relation to international legislation and case law.