| Sažetak | Tržište kredita ključan je segment financijskog sustava te ono poduzećima i pojedincima omogućava pristup financijskim sredstvima. Zbog svoje složenosti tržište kredita je podložno čestim promjenama uslijed djelovanja globalnih trendova i raznih faktora koji utječu na ekonomsku stabilnost. Kamatne stope i njihovo kretanje važan su dio kreditnog tržišta i moglo bi se reći da one „diktiraju“ promjene na istom. U ovom radu osvrnut ćemo se na njihovo kretanje te njihovo smanjivanje, odnosno povećavanje, kako u svijetu tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Zadnjih godina u zemljama razvijene ekonomije, prisutne su niske kamatne stope. No, prisutnost niskih kamatnih stopa smanjuje troškove posuđivanja novca, samim time potiče zaduživanje. Kamatne stope koriste centralne banke ponajprije kako bi kontrolirale inflaciju i poticale ekonomski rast. Kroz ovaj rad ćemo se također dotaknuti utjecaja pandemija COVIDa na kamatne stope, odnosno njihovog snižavanja radi poticanja ekonomskog oporavka. Iz rada možemo saznati i kakvu ulogu banke i druge financijske institucije imaju na tržištu kredita te kako ga one oblikuju kroz svoje kreditne politike. Primjer takvog utjecaja banaka na tržištu kredita je pooštravanje kriterija za odobravanje kredita kako bi se smanjio rizik od ne vraćanja istog. U radu ćemo tumačiti i kako ekonomski pokazatelji utječu na tržište kredita, odnosno kako visoka stopa zaposlenosti, rast BDP-a te stabilne cijene pridonose povećanoj potražnji za kreditima. Suprotno tome, dotaknuti ćemo se i ekonomske nesigurnosti, niskih plaća te visoke stope inflacije, te kako one mogu smanjiti potražnju za kreditima. Trenutno na globalnom tržištu kredita postoji mješavina ovih pozitivnih i negativnih faktora, pri čemu brojne zemlje ostvaruju oporavak nakon pandemije, ali s druge strane, suočavaju se za visokom stopom inflacije i brojnim geopolitičkim krizama. Na kraju rada dolazimo do zaključka da je tržište kredita trenutno pod utjecajem raznih faktora. S jedne imamo niske kamatne stope te oporavak ekonomija nakon pandemije, a s druge pak postrožene kreditne politike banaka kojima je cilj osigurati stabilnost samog sistema. Kretanje kamatnih stopa, kreditne politike banaka te ekonomski pokazatelji ključni su za razumijevanje strukture tržišta kredita |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The credit market is a key segment of the financial system and enables companies and individuals to access financial resources. Due to its complexity, the credit market is subject to frequent changes due to global trends and various factors that affect economic stability. Interest rates and their movement are an important part of the credit market and it could be said that they "dictate" changes in the same. In this paper, we will look at their movement and their decrease or increase, both in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. In recent years, there have been low interest rates in countries with developed economies. However, the presence of low interest rates reduces the cost of borrowing money, thereby encouraging borrowing. Interest rates are primarily used by central banks to control inflation and stimulate economic growth. Through this paper, we will also touch upon the impact of the COVID pandemic on interest rates, i.e. their lowering in order to stimulate economic recovery. From the paper, we can learn what role banks and other financial institutions play in the credit market and how they shape it through their credit policies. An example of such influence of banks on the credit market is the tightening of criteria for granting loans in order to reduce the risk of non-payment. In the paper, we will also interpret how economic indicators affect the credit market, that is, how a high employment rate, GDP growth and stable prices contribute to increased demand for loans. On the contrary, we will also touch on economic uncertainty, low wages and high inflation rates, and how they can reduce the demand for loans. Currently, there is a mix of these positive and negative factors in the global credit market, with many countries achieving recovery after the pandemic, but on the other hand, facing high inflation rates and numerous geopolitical crises. At the end of the paper, we come to the conclusion that the credit market is currently under the influence of various factors. On the one hand, we have low interest rates and the recovery of economies after the pandemic, and on the other hand, the banks' strict credit policies aimed at ensuring the stability of the system itself. Movement of interest rates, credit policies of banks and economic indicators are key to understanding the structure of the credit market. |
