Scoliosis represents a three-dimensional curvature of the spine, which is accompanied by torsion of the spine and rotation of the vertebrae around the longitudinal body axis. The causes of scoliosis are not fully known, but it is assumed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of the disease. Scoliosis significantly disrupts a person's posture and postural adaptation and can have many dangerous consequences. Therapy for people with scoliosis is a long-term and complex process that requires an individual and comprehensive approach to the patient. Treatment can be conservative or surgical treatment, and physiotherapy procedures consist of a physiotherapy assessment, the implementation of therapeutic exercises and the application of physical procedures. Swimming should be included in the physical activity of people with scoliosis because it has a positive effect on many elements of proper physical development of the child and prevents numerous diseases, including scoliosis. People who have scoliosis should use the breaststroke technique and the backstroke technique. The influence of swimming on scoliosis can be correction of curvature, prevention of disease progression, improvement of mobility, increase of muscle strength, improvement of coordination, improvement of the function of the respiratory system and prevention of secondary complications.