The cervical spine plays a key role in maintaining the stability and functionality of the upper body, and any problems in this area can significantly affect the quality of life. Cervicobrachial syndrome, a complex of symptoms that includes pain, stiffness and weakness in the neck and arm, represents a serious challenge for diagnosis and treatment. The cervical spine, located in the upper part of the spinal column, consists of seven neck vertebrae. Its complex structure enables a large range of motion and supports the main function, which is to protect the spinal cord and enable free movement of the head and neck. Problems in this area can cause a variety of symptoms, including pain, stiffness, weakness, and paresthesia in the upper extremities. Understanding the anatomy of the cervical spine and the pathophysiology of associated syndromes is essential for effective treatment and rehabilitation. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the anatomy of the cervical spine, the pathophysiology of cervicobrachial syndrome, and the role of physical therapists in the assessment, planning and implementation of therapy. Cervicobrachial syndrome is a complex disorder that requires a comprehensive approach in diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the anatomy of the cervical spine, the pathophysiology of the syndrome and the role of the physiotherapist in rehabilitation is essential for the effective management of this condition and improving the quality of life of patients.