The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina represents one of the most complex conflicts in modern European history. Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina became the site of violent ethnic conflicts among Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats, resulting in severe humanitarian crises, including the genocide in Srebrenica. This paper analyzes political relations, aspirations for national sovereignty, and the role of nationalist policies that deepened the conflict. It also addresses the security aspects of the war, including military operations and international interventions. The breakup of Yugoslavia created a political vacuum exploited by extreme nationalist movements, exacerbating the situation. The international community, including the United Nations and the European Union, faced challenges in resolving the conflict, often criticized for a slow and inadequate response. Military strategies, the role of peacekeeping forces, and the issue of war crimes are central themes in the security aspects. Particular focus is on the genocide in Srebrenica and the siege of Sarajevo. The Dayton Agreement was a key legal act that formally ended the war, signed in Dayton, Ohio, and officially confirmed in Paris. The agreement established an administrative structure for Bosnia and Herzegovina, divided between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska, aiming to stabilize and establish long-term peace. The paper also analyzes the role of international interventions and their effects, criticizing the limited success of the United Nations Protection Force and emphasizing the importance of timely and effective international actions. The paper relies on various sources to support its analyses and conclusions, including works by Filipović and Duraković, who address the tragedy of Bosnia. This paper offers an overview of the key political and security challenges during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the role of the international community in achieving peace.