Wood is relatively easy to process natural low density material, with somewhat weaker mechanical properties and lower thermal conductivity. Because of this it can be said that wood as tehnical material has a soul. In this bachelor thesis will be presented basic properties of wood, as well as theirs influence on the cutting process. Key parts of the wood cutting theory will be worked out in order to make it easier to understand the design of the machine tool itself, i.e. the woodworking lathe. In the cutting theory it will be shown some specificities of wood processing as an isotropic-orthotropic material. Insight will be given to the cutting tools and lathe anathomy. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to simplify the design of a woodworking lathe so it can be built at home by hoby users, but not to undermine functionality and saefty of machine tool. In the final part of the work will be presented simplified design of a hoby woodworking lathe, designed in SOLIDWORKS 2016. Design is supported by the calculus of basic parts of the machine. In design process special attention was given to simplicity, using as maney standard parts and more affordable manufacturing technologies.