This dissertation synthesizes historical and literary aspects relating to the Croatian emigrants. A broader context of the Croatian emigration has been covered herein ranging from the earliest periods to these days and the terms of the economic and political emigration have been explained. A conclusion has been made that the Croats emigrated mainly over the ocean till the twentieth century. It has been quoted that an escape from the Turkish conquerors was the reason of the Croatian migration from the 15th to the 18th century and that a huge migration wave which happened at the end of the nineteenth and at the beginning of the twentieth century was caused by economic but also political motives. It has also been concluded that the twentieth century was a period when the largest number of Croats emigrated and that mainly, except for the period after the Second World War, an economic migration is involved here. In the dissertation I have also referred to more prominent Croatian emigrants in individual countries, whose ancestors or even they by themselves became the inhabitants of these countries. Like many other immigrants to them, Croats live today in multicultural surroundings, to which they have had to adapt. It is moral to be devoted to someone's new homeland, and this they are. However, although they are, first of all, the inhabitants of the countries in which they live (Chileans, Americans, Australians), in their consciousness there resides also another old homeland, from which they trace their origin, then its customs, language. The descendants of the immigrants who came as adventurers, refugees but most frequently looking for a better living are today respected citizens of their new homelands. Their ancestors have accepted a new way of living in them in its entirety, to which some of them have acclimatized themselves more heavily and some of them more easily. The Croats who left Croatia either as an economic or as a political emigration, although being aware of the fact that they have to undergo assimilation as soon as possible and become a part of a multicultural community in the countries in which they arrived, continue to cultivate their old customs, found own clubs, journals, folk dance and sing ensembles wishing in such a way to maintain contacts with their old homeland to which they continue to be tied to a great extent. The cultural activities have helped them to preserve a cultural identity and slow down an assimilation and they have been continued also by the representatives of the generations being in full assimilated into a new surrounding. An important role in preserving the Croatian identity has been played by the church as well and by the universities, at which the professors of Croatian origin founded sub-departments with Croatian studies.