| Sažetak | Osnovni cilj provedenog istraživanja bio je validirati mjerni instrument za procjenu tjelesne
slike o sebi na uzorku plesača te utvrditi moguće faktore utjecaja na natjecateljsku uspješnost u
sportskom plesu. Analiziran je utjecaj trenažnih čimbenika (trenažni staž, intenzitet treninga,
natjecateljska uspješnost) i indeksa tjelesne mase; utvrđene su razlike po spolu i dobi u pojavi
specifične, topološki određene boli, uzrokovane plesačkim treningom te su analizirane razlike po
spolu i dobi u trenažnim čimbenicima, tipu motivacije i pojavnosti boli kod plesača.
Eksperimentom je obuhvaćeno 173 plesačice i 200 plesača sportskih plesova iz 51 zemlje sa šest
kontinenata. Uzorak varijabli uključivao je: procjenu slike o tijelu; procjenu tipa motivacije,
procjenu pojave mišićno-koštane boli te procjenu indeksa tjelesne mase. Temeljem dobivenih
rezultata, faktorizacijom matrice sa 36 varijabli za procjenu slike o sebi te oblimin rotacijom, a
prema Guttman – Kaiserovom kriteriju izolirano je osam faktora koji su objasnili ukupno 87,67 %
zajedničke varijance i to: prvi (atraktivnost), drugi (radost), treći (tjelesna efikasnost), četvrti
(fleksibilnost), peti (energičnost), šesti (snaga), sedmi (loše zdravlje/ nervoza) i osmi
(muževnost/ženstvenost). Dobivene su razmjerno visoke interne konzistencije latentnih dimenzija
te zadovoljavajuće metrijske karakteristike osjetljivosti i homogenosti. Upotrebom T-testa
definirane su razlike po spolu u poimanju slike o sebi za dimenzije atraktivnost, fleksibilnost i
muževnost/ženstvenost. Na uzorku plesačica, utvrđene su značajne razlike u dobi kod ljestvica
atraktivnost, radost i fleksibilnost a na uzorku plesača kod ljestvica atraktivnost, radost i energija.
Temeljem rezultata diskriminativnih analiza zasebno po spolu, utvrđeni su međusobni odnosi
dimenzija testa za procjenu slike o sebi različitih sub-uzoraka ispitanika prema natjecateljskoj
uspješnosti, dobi, intenzitetu treninga, trenažnom stažu i indeksu tjelesne mase. Prema
rezultatima χ2 testa pronađene su značajne razlike po spolu u pojavi specifične, topološki određene
boli. Plesačice značajno više prijavljuju pojavu boli u području vrata, gornjih i donjih leđa, prednjeg
dijela bedara, skočnih zglobova/stopala i nožnih prstiju. Između plesača i plesačica utvrđene su
značajne razlike po spolu u ekstrinzičnoj orijentaciji u korist žena (prema rezultatima One – way
MANOVA te post – hoc Tukey testu). Regresijske analize ukazuju na visoku razinu povezanosti
intrinzične i ekstrinzične orijentacije sa ostvarenim natjecateljskim rangom samo kod plesačica što
potvrđuje pretpostavku da je kod plesačica kompeticija i konkurencija znatno izraženija nego kod
njihovih muških kolega. Konstruiranje takvog mjernog instrumenta, omogućava bolje
razumijevanje plesnog identiteta koji je povezan sa ekspresivnom izvedbom kao osnovnom
natjecateljske uspješnosti u plesu. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The basic aim of this investigation is to validate measuring instrument for estimation of
the Multidimensional Body Image Questionnaire designed for dancers and to established possible
factors of influence on competitive successfulness on sport dancers. The influence of training
indicators (years of training, training Hrs/wk, competitive successfulness) and body mass index,
were analysed. The differences according the gender and age in appearance of topologically
defined pain, caused by dance training were established. The differences according the gender and
age in training indicators, type of motivation and appearance of pain among dancers were
analysed. The experiment comprised of 173 female sport dancers and 200 male sport dancers
from 53 countries and six continents. The sample of variables was consisted of variables for
estimation: body image, type of motivation, appearance of muscular-skeletal pain and body mass
index. According to results of factor analysis of 36 variables for estimation of Body Image
Questionnaire, oblimin rotation and Guttman – Kaiser criterion, eight factors (attractiveness, joy,
body efficacy, flexibility, energy, strength, bad health/weakness and masculinity/femininity) were
isolated exploring the 87,67 % of commune variance. The satisfactory values of internal
consistency, sensitivity and objectivity characteristics of questionnaire were established. The
gender differences in attractiveness, flexibility and masculinity/femininity subscales were defined
by T-test. On the sample of female dancers, the significant differences were established in
attractiveness, joy and flexibility subscales among different age groups. On the sample of male
dancers, the significant differences were established in attractiveness, joy and energy subscales
among different age groups. According to results obtained by discriminate analysis calculated
separately by gender, the interrelations of factors of Multidimensional Body Image Questionnaire
were defined among subsamples defined by: competitive successfulness, age, years of training,
training Hrs/wk and body mass index. According to χ2 test, gender differences were defined in
appearance of specific, topological pain in neck, upper and lower back, thighs/front, ankles/feet
and toes regions in advantage of female dancers. The significant gender differences were
established in extrinsic and intrinsic goal orientation according to MANOVA and post – hoc Tukey
test. The female dancers were more motivated by extrinsic reasons. According to regression
analysis, significant correlations were established between intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation
and success on competition only among female dancers. Construction of Multidimensional Body
Image Questionnaire designed for dancer’s, provide better understanding of dancers identity
connected with expressive performance as the basis of successfulness in sport dance. |
