The aim of the diploma thesis is to show the basic features of congenital heart disease. The thesis is a review and aims to show the existing knowledge concerning the etiology of the disease, shows the modern pathogenetic classification of the congenital heart disease, describes the clinical picture of the most common congenital heart diseases and states guidelines in the treatment of certain patient groups. It is crucial to emphasize the importance of the teamwork in the care of this group of patients. The continuous monitoring of children moving towards an adulthood and form a group of adult patients, that assumes increasing public health significance, should also be highlighted. Congenital heart diseases are etiologic and phenotypically heterogeneous group of diseases, which occurs in about 0.7 to 1% of live births. Due to the large number of different congenital heart malformations, there are numerous divisions and classifications, according to anatomic, hemodynamic or clinical criteria. According to the hemodynamic characteristics, congenital heart diseases are divided into two major groups: 1. Cardiac malformation without pathological connection between the systemic and pulmonary circulation (pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis); and 2. Cardiac malformation with abnormal connection between the systemic and pulmonary circulation: malformation with arterial-venous flow (ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, persistent ductus arteriosus Botalli) and malformation with venous-arterial flow or two-way flow (tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, transposition of the great vessels). Diagnostic work and precise diagnosis are followed by the treatment, which is mainly surgical. Of course, the further procedure depends on the child's condition, consultation with parents and another possible options. The surgical interventions which enabled bridging the right and left sides of the heart brought a revolution in the treatment of complex heart malformation. In this way, the treatment of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome is possible. In addition to the above, patients with congenital heart disease have to be continuously monitored. There is also a huge importance of timely recognition and treatment of possible complications as well as a good communication with patients and with their families.