With this work I want to point out the possible chromosomal disorders in children, how to recognize them and how to include children in preschool institutions. Nowadays, in our environment there are different kinds of chromosomal disorders in children, so it is important that we are familiar with the disorders and that we know how to recognize them, in order to include children with chromosomal abnormalities in preschool institutions, but also in everyday life, more easily. In essence, this work examines chromosomal disorders, types of disorders that appear and explains them individually, as well as how to involve children in preschool institutions. The focus of the work is on the theoretical concept of the research and does not deal with researches in practice, i.e. in preschool institutions. The work is divided into several sections. The introduction briefly explains chromosomal abnormalities which will further be described more closely. In the second part the disorders with its own characteristics are more closely described. The third section was devoted to the adaptation of children with chromosome disorders in preschool institutions. At the end of this work there is the conclusion of the final work as a whole.