This paper describes blockchain technology, history, development and application. On example of Bitcoin the cryptographic and structural side of the blockhain are elaborated. The first chapter describes the formation of blockchains, and the use of cryptographic hash function through the structure of the Merkle tree. The second chapter deals with cryptography - clarifying the basic concepts of cryptography and describing the most important algorithms in this field of science. Through the third chapter are described the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of distributed systems, and through the harmonization of The Byzantine Generals Problem, the function of proof of work in the Bitcoin protocol is clarified. The last chapter describes the structure of the implementation of NAO blockchain in multirobot systems. Solution was designed on Aldebaran Nao robots using Python programming language, which with its modular architecture allows the exploitation of already existing and tested modules. This eliminates the possibility of error in critical parts of the system such as cryptographic algorithms. The conclusion of this paper is that although using this kind of communication and data sharing enabled a more quality and robust connection between the robots, it also comes at the expense of the increased processor load due to the need to compute cryptographic hashes and the deciphering of the public and private key of the RSA algorithm.